Judge: Patek can help deter youth from radical extremism

Judge: Patek can help deter youth from radical extremism

While some criticise the sentence as too light, others say Umar Patek has shown sincere remorse and can help persuade others from making the mistake that he did

The 20-year jail sentence handed down to Bali bomber Umar Patek on Thursday (June 21st) has elicited mixed reactions in Indonesia. Some say his sentence is an adequate warning to terrorists, while others insist he deserved to die for his role in ending so many lives.

"We all hoped that Patek would be given a death sentence because he helped to take hundreds of people's lives by committing acts of terrorism, and the 2002 Bali bomb was the biggest terrorism attack in Indonesia," Tony Soemarno of the Association of Bomb Victims in Indonesia (ASKOBI), told Khabar Southeast Asia.

But Noor Huda Ismail, a terrorism expert and founder of the Institute for International Peace Building, said the sentence was appropriate because Patek is a valuable source of intelligence and can help teach youth not to follow the path of extremist violence.

"I think that 20 years in prison is the correct sentence for Patek. He has given a lot of information to the police, especially about terrorist networks sending members to Mindanao, Pakistan and also Afghanistan," he told Khabar.

"His information will be very useful for the police in tracking down terrorist networks in Indonesia," Noor said of the one-time leading member of Jemaah Islamiyah, which has been linked to al-Qaeda.

Patek's public acknowledgement of regret for the terrorist acts in which he participated will help discourage young people from turning to extremism, Noor said.

"Patek has told the public that he did not agree with the 2000 church attack or the 2002 Bali bombing," he said. "And he has expressed his regret over his involvement."

The 45-year-old terrorist was convicted on six charges, including premeditated murder of the Bali victims and for bombings at six Jakarta churches on Christmas Eve in 2000, as well as identification fraud and illegal possession of firearms and explosives.

According to the indictment against him, Patek was responsible for assembling the bombs that killed 202 people, most of them foreigners, at a nightclub in Kuta, Bali in October 2002. During his trial, however, he claimed he had only a minor role in the Bali attacks, was against them "from the start" and tried to stop them at the 11th hour.

He also apologised to victims and their families, the Indonesian government and the international community.

Prosecutors had sought a life sentence because he showed remorse during the four-month trial, while Patek's attorneys asked for less than 15 years.

Encep Yuliardi, presiding judge of the five-member panel that handed down the sentence at West Jakarta District Court, said Patek had to be held accountable for his actions.

"He should know that no matter how small his role, the result was loss of lives," Encep said at the sentencing. "He says he disagreed with it, but he could have rejected it and could have considered not following the orders of his seniors, or at least reporting [the plot] to the authorities."

The bombings not only took a devastating human toll but also damaged Indonesia's economy, the judge said. However, he added, Patek's expressions of remorse and his public rejection of extremist violence were considered mitigating factors. Encep said he considered Patek's statements to be sincere.

Patek's sentence will deter others who might consider following the path of terrorism, while his example serves to show that misinterpretation of jihad creates a bad image for Islam, Encep said.

Indonesia: Sharia law pushes limits of local authority

Indonesia: Sharia law pushes limits of local authority

The home ministry says it will call Tasikmalaya leaders for a meeting about their plans to impose Islamic law, including a requirement for women to wear headscarves in public.

A West Java municipality's plans to implement Sharia-based laws and set up a police force to enforce them is testing the limits of regional autonomy in Indonesia, encroaching into areas that are typically the domain of the central government.

If enacted, the law in the town of Tasikmalaya would be the first of its kind in Indonesia outside the deeply conservative province of Aceh, where Sharia law was imposed in 2001.

According to Moenek Reydonnyzar, spokesman for Indonesia's home ministry, Tasikmalaya city leaders would be overstepping their authority if they move ahead.

"Tasikmalaya cannot establish a Sharia police because the regional government does not have the authority to handle religious, legal and defense issues, as stipulated in the 2004 Regional Autonomy Law," Reydonnyzar told Khabar Southeast Asia.

Indonesia implemented wide-ranging decentralisation in 1999, ending decades of authoritarian control under the Suharto regime. Regional autonomy has since been renewed and refined in subsequent legislation. Several areas remain under the domain of the central government, however, including defence, justice, legal, monetary, national fiscal and religious affairs.

Reydonnyzar said the home ministry will study the Tasikmalaya law – dubbed the "Regulation on Islamic-based Community Life Values" – and convene a meeting with local leaders to examine whether it is aligned with national laws.

"As soon as we study the regulation, the Minister of Home Affairs will invite the chairman of Tasikmalaya Council of Regional Representatives and the mayor to discuss it, especially how the regional regulation can be synchronised with the central government regulation," he explained.

Aceh a model for Tasikmalaya?

Nasir Djamil, deputy chairman of the committee for the oversight of legal affairs in the Indonesian House of Representatives, said he would support the proposed laws in Tasikmalaya as long as they do not contradict national laws.

"As long as the purpose of establishing the Sharia police is to bring order to society and to protect society from 'social disease', I think it is all right and appropriate," Djamil, a Prosperous Justice Party [PKS] lawmaker, told Khabar.

Aceh also has Sharia law and a Sharia police force, he added.

However, Aceh is one of five special regions that enjoy a greater degree of autonomy due to historic and cultural factors. Tasikmalaya is not among them.

The Sharia-based law was originally approved by Tasikmalaya Mayor Syarif Hidayat on September 24th, 2009 and is slated for enactment this year. It would require women to wear headscarves in public. In addition, it sets forth a list of 15 punishable offenses, including corruption, prostitution, adultery, homosexuality, drugs use and trafficking, consumption of alcoholic beverages, looking at pornography, thuggery, promoting cults, and abortion.

Andri Kurniadi, 31, a Tasikmalayan Muslim, told Khabar that implementing Islamic values in daily life is good, but the government does not need to establish a Sharia police to enforce them.

"Despite the fact that a majority of Tasikmalaya society is Muslim, the idea of establishing Sharia police would create pro and contra [factions] in society," he said.

"The Sharia police would force people to implement the regulation, and it would just create pressure among us. Even worse, the hardline groups would also force society to implement it," he added.

Bonar Tigor Naipospos, deputy chairman of the Setara Institute for Peace and Democracy, believes Tasikmalaya's efforts to establish a Sharia police are inconsistent with the Indonesian constitution, which guarantees religious freedom. The city government, he said, should differentiate between private and social issues.

The idea of establishing a Sharia police is "odd", Bonar told Khabar. "Before the regulation is adopted, it must be brought to the Supreme Court to be reviewed."

He urged the Tasikmalayan leaders to collect input about the law from a variety of perspectives, including from women and others whose lives will be most directly impacted by it.

Gaga show still uncertain as fans hope for good news

Gaga show still uncertain as fans hope for good news

With efforts continuing to find a "win-win" solution allowing June 3rd concert to go ahead, fans are campaigning to save the show via social media

Lady Gaga's planned concert in Jakarta could boost the Indonesian economy and enhance its international reputation, a government spokesman told Khabar Southeast Asia this week.

According to I Gusti Ngurah Putra, spokesman for the Ministry of Tourism and Creative Economy, hosting an artist of Lady Gaga's stature would be a positive development for the country.

"Having an international artist performing in Indonesia can help the tourism sector, which can then tell the world that Indonesia is a safe country to visit," he said.

However, he noted, the tourism ministry does not issue concert permits for international artists and "cannot criticise or interfere with any other government institution's decision".

"We hope that the promoter has considered the performance style and theme so that they align with Indonesian culture and values and not create any controversy," he said.

As of Friday (May 25th), prospects for the concert remained uncertain, as the singer's promoters and management appeared to differ over whether she would tone down her show. Meanwhile, the National Police – which earlier in the month said it would not issue a permit -- signaled it has not yet made a firm decision on whether to allow it to go ahead.

In a statement, the police said they were "evaluating inputs from all sides".

If you don't like it, don't buy a ticket

On Sunday, the government said it had urged the chief of the National Police, General Timur Pradopo, to resolve the dispute by looking for a "win-win solution," The Jakarta Post reported.

"The Police could put an end to the heated situation by mediating between the concert promoter and the protesters so that the show can go on under certain terms and conditions," The Post quoted Djoko Suyanto, the co-ordinating minister for political, legal and security affairs, as saying.

He also warned hardline Islamist groups opposed to the show, such as the Islamic Defenders' Front (FPI), not to use violence and intimidation to further their views.

"There must not be any threats in a democratic country. If you don't like [a performer] then don’t watch [the concert]," The Jakarta Globe quoted him as saying.

Fans take to social media

With their hopes in jeopardy, Lady Gaga fans in Indonesia have been fighting to save the concert via Twitter and other social media sites. @LadyGagaINDO is a Twitter account for "Little Monsters," as the fans have been nicknamed. It was created by Anggiat Sihombing, an 18-year-old university student at the Sampoerna School of Business. His Twitter account currently has 24,874 followers.

Tevina Tahitu, 17, a member of the creative team at the Twitter site, said the campaign has had a global response.

"We are so glad that #IndonesiaSavesGaga became a worldwide trending topic on Twitter on 15 May 2012 for few hours. It means that we have gotten a lot of support from Twitter users," she told Khabar.

"We hope [the trending] could give moral support to promoters to bring Lady Gaga here and could influence police to issue the concert permit, because it represents the voice of Indonesian society," she added.

According to Anggiat, meanwhile, the number of @LadyGagaINDO followers has increased by approximately 500 per day since the Lady Gaga controversy began.

Many ardent fans have used their Twitter feeds to defend the star from accusations by FPI members that she is a devil-worshipping blasphemer.

On the contrary, tweeted @thewillysun, her message is positive and her lyrics inspiring.

"The only one that needs to get banned is FPI itself. They're embarrassing this country on a daily basis," tweeted another fan, Yan Teio Madridistra, via his account @Yanteio.

According to Anggiat, the "Little Monsters" are staging peaceful actions, including a flash mob at Central Park Mall, West Jakarta on Sunday, in order to uphold freedom of expression.

"Despite the rumour that said Lady Gaga is a satanic icon, we want to show many people that she does not negatively influence her fans," he said. "In a fact, we are rational people who prefer to do a positive protest by dancing and singing together."

FPI vowing to "burn the stage"

Speaking to Khabar, an FPI leader denied that members of the group have bought tickets to the show or that they plan to create problems during the concert if police allow it to go ahead.

"We did not instruct any FPI member to purchase tickets to the Lady Gaga concert," the group's deputy secretary general, Awid Mashuri, told Khabar.

"I heard that it is a bunch of Bekasi young people who claimed to be FPI members. But I want to say that if they are indeed FPI members, it is their right to purchase and watch the concert. Do not blame us if members attend the concert."

Earlier this week, however, FPI Bekasi chapter head Murhali Barda posted a photo and announcement on his Facebook account indicating that members have purchased 150 tickets to the show. He said they had bought the tickets not for the sake of enjoying the concert but in order to do "other things".

On Friday, FPI members staged raucous protests at sites across Jakarta, including outside police headquarters. Demonstrators sporting devils' fangs and horns told the pop star to "go to hell".

A statement handed out at the protests called for members to "crush liberals" and "fight gays and lesbians", while also warning that FPI members would burn the stage if the star performs, the AFP reported.

Prosecutors seek life sentence for remorseful Patek

Prosecutors seek life sentence for remorseful Patek

On Monday (May 21st), prosecutors at West Jakarta District Court demanded a life sentence for Umar Patek, accused of involvement in the 2002 Bali bombings. The defendant again apologised to the victims and their families, as well as to the people of Bali, the Christian community and the local and national governments. [Elisabeth Oktofani/Khabar]

The accused Bali bomber's life should be spared because he regrets his actions and has co-operated with investigators, prosecutors told the West Jakarta District Court.

Prosecutors on Monday (May 21st) said accused Bali bomb maker Umar Patek should spend the rest of his life in jail, but stopped short of seeking the death penalty because they said he had been co-operative and shown remorse.

"We are recommending that Umar Patek be given a life sentence," prosecutor Bambang Suharyadi said.

Patek, on trial for his alleged role in the 2002 Bali bombings and a spate of attacks on Christian churches two years before that, repeated his apologies during his appearance at West Jakarta District Court on Monday.

"I regret what I have done... (and) I apologise to the families of victims who died -- Indonesians and foreigners," said Patek, addressing the victims, their families, the people of Bali, the Christian community, and the local and national governments. "I apologise also to victims who were injured."

According to Bambang, the defendant should be found guilty of premeditated murder and the use of explosives to commit acts of terrorism, among other charges.

The bombings claimed 202 lives and had a devastating impact on the local people, the prosecutor said, adding that they were rooted in an erroneous interpretation of Islam.

"Patek's actions, which were motivated by a wrong teaching, caused long and deep suffering among Balinese society," he said.

However, he added, Patek has acknowledged a role in the attacks and co-operated throughout the judicial process.

"On the top of that, he also regretted his involvement and apologised to the victims and their family in front of the public," Bambang added.

When his trial began in February, prosecutors said they would seek the death penalty. Imam Samudra and brothers Amrozi and Ali Ghufron, three key figures in the 2002 bombings, were convicted and executed by firing squad in November 2008.

Terrorism expert Noor Huda Ismail said it was important that Patek remain alive because of the information he could still yield, according to AFP.

"Patek is an encyclopedia of information on the who's who of al-Qaeda in Southeast Asia," said Ismail, executive director of the Institute for International Peace Building in Jakarta.

"Unlike the executed Bali bombers he showed remorse, meaning there's little chance he will try to plan future attacks from jail. He can also be used as a figure to speak out against terrorism," he said.

Patek is accused of being the expert bomb maker for the Jemaah Islamiyah terror network. Once the most wanted terror suspect in Indonesia, he spent nearly a decade on the run but was captured in January 2011 in Abbottabad, Pakistan, where al-Qaeda chief Osama bin Laden was holed up.

During his trial he denied playing a major role in the Bali attacks, saying he only helped mix explosives but did not know how they would be used.

The trial will resume on May 28th, when Patek's lawyers will read his defense. A verdict is expected June 21st.

Hardline groups introduce new strain of intolerance

Hardline groups introduce new strain of intolerance

Indonesia's reputation for pluralism and diversity is under threat by militant ideologues and their supporters, civil liberties activists say

Andreas Yewangoe wants to see more effective steps taken to protect religious tolerance in Indonesia.

"Why can't we live in harmony and peace in this country, where nobody cares about the differences in our religion, race and ethnicity?" the Indonesian Communion of Churches (PGI) chairman told reporters after an incident in which a hardline Islamist group – the Islamic Defenders' Front – blocked a local congregation from worshipping at their church.

"This kind of action is really contrary to the Indonesian constitution," he added.

On May 6th, the congregation of the Batak Christian Protestant Church (HKBP) Filadelfia gathered for a service, only to be heckled and bullied by FPI vigilantes. The Filadefia branch is at the center of an ongoing local dispute in Bekasi, West Java, over whether it has the right to hold Christian services at its church building.

A journalist at the scene, Rhesya Agustine, said the mob was intimidating women with threats of sexual violence. "They yelled at us by saying 'Rape them! Rape them!' I was so surprised that the situation was so chaotic".

Another reporter at the scene, Tantowi Anwari, was beaten -- allegedly by FPI members angered by a slogan on his T-shirt. It read: "Fight the tyranny of the majority." Police had to rush him to safety.

According to a video recording of the attack presented at a press conference, the attacks were led by Murhali Barda, a former head of the Bekasi chapter of the FPI. He was jailed for five months last year for inciting an attack in September 2010 that culminated in the stabbing of two leaders of the HKBP Ciketing, also in Bekasi.

On Thursday (May 17th), a mob again disrupted worship services at the Filadelfia church, blocking access to the building as parishioners tried to enter in order to celebrate the ascension of Jesus.

"We [the churchgoers and the mob] were only separated by a barricade of policemen who managed to protect us even though the intolerant people were trying so hard to break through the barricade," the Jakarta Post quoted the church's Reverend Palti Panjaitan as saying.

"They threw urine, sewage and frogs at us — all of which also struck the policemen," he added.

The melee was one of several recent incidents involving aggressive action by hardline Islamist groups. On May 4th, two days before the church rioting, members of the Indonesian Mujahedeen Council – an organisation linked to convicted terrorist Abu Bakar Bashir – disrupted a book discussion at the Institute for Islamic and Social Studies Foundation in Yogyakarta.

The featured speaker that day was Irshad Manji, a liberal Canadian Muslim activist and author.

"They beat the participants and also my assistant," Manji told the media. "The attackers wore masks and helmets while they beat innocent people and destroyed everything. They are really cowards."

Her appearances in Jakarta also provoked threats and disruption, prompting the author to suggest that extremists are undermining the country's longstanding values.

In a statement to the media, Manji recalled how she visited Indonesia four years ago and found it to be a tolerant, open-minded and pluralistic country. She recounted the experience in her book and suggested that Indonesia was an example for other Muslim countries.

"Unfortunately, things have changed," Manji said.

"Many people told me that the Indonesian National Police and government are powerless towards these gangsters. But Indonesian citizens must not be powerless," she added.

Citizens' groups, meanwhile, are campaigning for better protection of civil liberties. On May 10th, a movement calling itself "FPI-free Indonesia Movement" submitted a petition to the national police, demanding serious action.

Over 1,500 people have joined the campaign, organised via blogs and Twitter.

Bali suspect apologizes to victims, says bombings were wrong

Bali suspect apologizes to victims, says bombings were wrong

Umar Patek, on trial for his alleged role in Indonesia's deadliest terror attack, said he was sorry "from the bottom of my heart".

Speaking at his trial on Monday (May 7th), terror suspect Umar Patek made a dramatic apology to victims of the 2002 Bali bombing, saying he was sorry he had not reported the plot to police

"From the bottom of my heart, I sincerely apologise to all the victims, victim's families, the Bali community, the Christian community in Jakarta, the Bali government and also the Indonesian government," he said, his voice breaking with emotion.

Patek, 45, is alleged to have played a key role in building the car bomb that killed over 200 people at a nightclub in Bali's Kuta area in October 2002. He faces terrorism charges that could bring him the death penalty should he be convicted.

"I was very sad and regret the incident happened, because I was against it from the start. I never agreed with their methods," said the defendant, clad in a white shirt.

He told the West Jakarta District Court that the bombings were a total failure as far as he was concerned, and that he had objected to plans drawn up by the ringleader, Ali Ghufron, also known as Mukhlas.

"Mukhlas said that their intention was to enact revenge for the massacre of Muslims in Palestine, but they targeted the wrong people," he said, adding that the Westerners and Indonesians killed by the bombings had no connection with the Palestinian issue.

Asked by presiding judge Encep Yuliadi why he did not report the plot to the police if he disagreed with it so strongly, the defendant said he was unable to leave the group and feared harassment if he turned them in.

"I could not leave because I did not have enough money to go back," Patek said. "[Senior Jemaah Islamiyah militant] Dulmatin paid for my travel expenses and I only had Rp 10,000 (around $10) in my pocket as I had left my money with my wife before I went."

"Apart from that, if I reported the plan to the police, there would be a great slander against me among the Muslim activists," he added.

Patek was arrested in January 2011 in Abbottabad, Pakistan – the same city where bin Laden was hiding out at the time of his killing in May of last year. Although many have speculated that the Java native was hoping to meet the late al-Qaeda leader, Patek has denied knowing he was there.

During the course of his trial, two former associates testified that al-Qaeda sent the Bali bomb plotters as much as $30,000 – money which paid for the Mitsubishi used in the attack.

Patek insisted again Monday that he had never met bin Laden in person. While acknowledging that he helped mix the explosives, he insisted that his participation was minimal and occurred under duress.

"As [Bali plotter] Sawat knew that I was really against the idea, he said to me that it is better for me to do what they said because I was just a slave and I could not push them to change their plan," Patek said.

"I think this is my destiny that I have been captured and I am ready to take all the responsibility for my involvement," he told the court. "Once again, I apologise to all the victims and their families."

"I also thank the Indonesian government for bringing my wife and me back to Indonesia so the legal process could be conducted here," Patek said.

The trial proceedings will resume on May 21st.

Witness: Patek said terror attacks were against Islam

Witness: Patek said terror attacks were against Islam

Bali bombing suspect Umar Patek was concerned that violence against civilians went against Islamic teachings and created a bad image for Muslims, according to a fellow militant who testified at his trial

Umar Patek disagreed with the extremist programme of carrying out violent attacks because he felt it represented a misinterpretation of jihad and would create a bad image for Muslims, an ex-militant told the West Jakarta District Court on Thursday (April 3rd).

Patek, alleged to have played a key role in building the car bomb that killed 202 people at a nightclub in Bali's Kuta area in October 2002, faces terrorism charges that could bring him the death penalty should he be convicted.

According to a court document, Patek fled to the Philippines after the 2002 blast and joined the Moro Islamic Liberation Front (MILF), which has been waging an armed campaign for autonomy. The Philippines insurgents, who deny being connected to al-Qaeda or Jemaah Islamiyah (JI), are currently in peace negotiations with the Philippines government.

"I did not know if Patek was involved in the 2002 Bali bomb attack because he never told me about it," testified Iqbal Huseini, an Indonesian jihadist, who joined the MILF in 2003.

"But he always said that he disagreed with all the attack programmes in Indonesia because Indonesia is not a war zone and it is against the message of jihad," he said.

Moreover, Iqbal said, Patek on one occasion quarreled with JI cell leader Sayid Ali, nicknamed Dulmatin, over the latter's plan to explode bombs at several locations as a form of revenge against Indonesian security forces.

"Although Sayid was the leader, Patek was strongly against the idea. It was because those targeted points are Islam-majority areas and he reminded us that our enemy is not civil society," he continued.

Mass casualty attacks by al-Qaeda-linked extremists jolted Indonesia during the past decade, but the capture or killing of key JI leaders as well as public revulsions against the carnage has blunted the trend.

Al-Qaeda itself is believed to be in disarray, suffering the loss of personnel and a steadily deteriorating reputation among Muslims. Thursday's testimony came amid revelations that Osama bin Laden himself was deeply concerned about the trend during the months leading up to his death in May 2011.

A selection of memos found at the bin Laden's Abbottabad hideout was released Thursday by the US government. In one document, dating from 2010, bin Laden expresses alarm that al-Qaeda has become stigmatised because of its role in killing thousands of Muslim civilians.

A 2006 letter addressed by a "loving brother whom you know and who knows you" complains that the word jihad has fallen into disrepute due to al-Qaeda's tactics, and calls for bin Laden to change his ways.

Although Patek was captured in Abbottabad in January 2011, not far from bin Laden's compound, it has not yet been established whether or not he had tried to contact the al-Qaeda leader.

Thursday's testimony provided possible insights into the shadowy world of militant extremists, who cross borders to wage religious warfare. The MILF fighters he met included Malaysians as well as Indonesians and Filipinos, Iqbal told the court.

He said he was taught to use many kinds of weapons after arriving at the MILF camp.

"While I was there, I was trained to use arm guns such as M16 rifles, long rifles and also mortars, to read a map and also about war strategy. MILF provided all the arm guns with a registration number. Therefore if we left the camp, we had to return it back to them," he said. "However, we were not trained to build any bomb at all."

Patek often gave briefings to Indonesian volunteers with the MLIF, especially on the topics of war strategy and the purpose of jihad. He believed jihad should only be carried out in areas of conflict, Iqbal said.

The trial proceedings will resume on Monday.